Background: Favism is an acute hemolytic anemia which occurs in G6PD deficient individuals by ingestion of fava beans or inhalation of fava plant's pollens. Awareness of clinical features and LABORATORY FINDINGS of this life threatening condition is first step in proper management and prevention of its complications. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study presents five years' data on hospitalized cases of favism in Tehran. Data were collected from Mofid University Hospital for Children. We reviewed all in-patient charts for cases of favism who presented with acute hemolytic crisis due to fava beans ingestion from March 1995 to March 2001. Data on demographic and clinical features (e.g. pallor, dark urine and jaundice) and LABORATORY FINDINGS (e.g. serum concentrations of hemoglobin, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin, liver transaminases, reticulocyte count, direct Coombs test, qualitative G6PD measurement, and presence of hemoglobin, bilirubin, and urobilinogen in urine), positive family history of favism and history about blood transfusion were evaluated. FINDINGS: A total of 523 cases were recorded of whom 75.7% were male. The mean age of our patients was 27.7 months ± 46.4. Dark urine, pallor and jaundice were common manifestations of favism (96.6%, 75.3%, and 70% respectively). Male gender was significantly associated with pallor and hemoglobin ≤7 gr/dL. (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001). Conclusions: Our FINDINGS about clinical features and LABORATORY FINDINGS in favism were compatible with those in literature. Our study suggests that parents are not reliable sources for differentiating of some clinical features of favism (e.g. paleness and jaundice).

Background and Objectives: Neutropenia is the absolute count of neutrophils less than 1500 per cubic millimeter. Because the early detection of the cause of neutropenia and appropriate measures to reduce its mortality and financial costs are important, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between the cause of neutropenia and the severity of neutropenia with clinical and LABORATORY FINDINGS to take appropriate measures. Subjects and Methods This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study. In this study, 111 patients with neutropenia were studied in Hazrat Masoumeh Hospital in Qom City, Iran, by a census method in 3 years from 2014 to 2016. Necessary information was obtained from the patients' medical records through a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. Results The study FINDINGS showed relationships between the cause of the disease and variables of age (P= 0. 007), the severity of neutropenia (P<0. 001), disease outcome (P<0. 001), length of hospital stay (P<0. 001), Hb (P<0. 001), and WBC (P<0. 001). The causes of neutropenia in the studied patients were viral (54. 1%), sepsis (24. 3%), malignancy (10. 8%), anemia (4. 5%), idiopathic (3. 6%) and ITP (2. 7%). Conclusion The present study showed a significant relationship between demographic and LABORATORY FINDINGS with the cause and severity of the disease. Therefore, considering these factors at the beginning of hospitalization can play a crucial role in promoting proper management in the treatment of patients with neutropenia.

Introduction: Pneumonia is still the most common cause of human death due to infectious disease. The causative agent of pneumonia is often undetectable. Due to the the need of patients suffering from CAP to have appropriate and in time treatment, we carried out this study to evaluate the clinical, LABORATORY and radiologic FINDINGS in adults suffering from acute community acquired Pneumonia.Materials & Methods: In this study, we evaluated 152 patients with the mean age 60.86 (19-92) year, with initial clinical diagnosis of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) referring to the Emergency department. A checklist was completed for each patient based on his or her demographic information. Finally, we compared the diagnostic value of different finding with each other. The data was collected, entered into SPSS and analyzed in the level of a=0.05. FINDINGS: Acute bacterial CAP was confirmed as a final diagnosis in 50% of the patients under study. The most common clinical signs and symptoms were fever, cough, sputum and abnormal breath sounds on examination. Microbiologically, among 121 cases whose specimens were cultured, 20 cases were culture positive for lung pathogens. The most common germ was Staphylococcus Aureus (7 cases), then Pneumococcus, Klebsiella, pseudomonas and Moraxella Catarrhalis were the next. The most common radiologic pattern noted was petechial infiltration (42.8%), lobar infiltration (9.2%) and in 23% of patients no abnormal radiologic finding was noted. In this study, LABORATORY diagnosis had sensitivity = 22.37% and specificity =96.05%. For radiologic diagnosis sensitivity = 100% and specificity = 89.47%, in case of CRP positive sensitivity = 90.79% and specificity = 50%.Discussion & Conclusion: In this study, CXR was the best way for the diagnosis of CAP. If this diagnostic test was inaccessible, we should put together valuable clinical signs and symptoms such as cough, sputum, fever and abnormal breath sounds in combination with CRP and WBC count.

With the advancements of science in recent years, novel therapeutic methods have been developed to treat microbial infections and improve medical performances. These novel methods are more accurate than the old ones; therefore, they are more effective. Technically, these methods may revolutionize science in the future. Some of these new therapies include phage therapy, precision medicine, next-generation sequencing, picotechnology, the use of recombinant proteins, microchips, and robotic surgery, each of which will in turn surprise the medical world. Although some of these treatments have been used in the past, researchers are now paying more attention to them because not only these newer methods are more accurate and efficient, but many of the older treatments, such as antibiotics, because of the increasing rate of the antibiotic resistance, are gradually losing its popularity. In this letter, some of the latest innovative medical therapies have been discussed; which you will hear more about soon.

Background and Objective: Considering the high rate of unfavorable diagnosis of XGP and doctors’ inadequate familiarity, this research was conducted with the aim of determining clinical, LABORATORY, and radiological FINDINGS in patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis referred to Ali Bin Abitalib Hospital from 2018 to 2022. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 23 patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis were assessed in Ali Bin Abitalib Zahedan Hospital between 2018 and 2022. The diagnosis of XGP was evaluated retrospectively based on the FINDINGS of renal ultrasound and CT scan, according to the distribution and extent of XGP, kidney size, the presence of stones, the pattern of renal lesions, and lack of contrast enhancement in the affected kidney. In addition, the diagnosis of pathological cases of XGP was determined based on the presence of focal or diffuse processes with the presence of lipid-laden macrophages in a chronic inflammatory context in the kidney. Finally, the information obtained was analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 26). Results: The mean age of patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was 48. 17±11. 45 years, respectively. The frequency distribution of gender in the study subjects was 18 (78. 27%) women and 5 (21. 73%) men. The rate of clinical symptoms in patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis was as follows: flank pain or tenderness (91. 3%,n=17), history of fever (over 38 degrees) (73. 91%,n=17), hematuria Gross 6 (26. 08%), dysuria (21. 73%,n=5), weight loss (17. 39%,n=4), and palpable mass (8. 69%,n=2). The FINDINGS from the tests of patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis demonstrated that 20 (86. 95%) patients had pyuria, 17 (73. 91%) cases had leukocytosis, 13 (56. 52%) patients had anemia, 11 (47. 82%) patients had hematuria, 9 (39. 13%) subject had high CRP, and 7 (30. 43%) cases had high ESR. The results of CT-Scan interpretation in patients diagnosed with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis illustrated that 13 (56. 52%) patients had Renal Calculi, and 4 (17. 39%) cases had Staghorn Stone. Moreover, regarding fluid/air accumulation, 14 (60. 86%) patients had abdominal abscesses (retroperitoneal, intraparenchymal or psoas) and 1 patient had a fistula of Nephrocutaneous Fistula type. Conclusion: Despite the low prevalence of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, it is recommended that when faced with chronic pyelonephritis (characterized by clinical symptoms such as fever and chills, tenderness, flank pain, and heartburn), doctors and specialists in kidney and urinary tract surgery among consider XGP disease differential diagnoses in order to manage these patients well in the presence of kidney stones and positive urine culture and perform surgical procedures at the right time.

Background: Henoch- Schoenlein purpura (HSP) is the most common vasculitis in children. It is characterized by purpura, arthritis, gasterointestinal involvement and glumerulonephritis. There is a male to female predominance. It is estimated that some infections such as BHGAS can predispose to HSP. Methods: In a retrospective study we evaluated clinical and LABORATORY FINDINGS in patients with HSP diagnosis admitted to Ghaem and Imam Reza hospitals in Mashad. FINDINGS: It is known that skin, joint and gastrointestinal involvement is the most common presentation of disease. In our patients, kidney disorders were not detected. Hyperleukocytosis, positive CRP, elevated ESR and ASO titers were frequently observed LABORATORY signs in these patients.Conclusion: In this study HSP had a good prognosis and we didn’t any kidncy complication in our subjects.

renal transplantation has now become a preferred treatment modality for patients with end stage renal disease. Accurate recognition and treatment of rejection is major concern in the early post transplant period. This study is carried out to evaluate success of transplantation based on some LABORATORY FINDINGS.The results show that creatinine in both groups were meaningfully decreased 48 hours after transplantation (P<0.006). However average serum concentration of creatinine 48 hours after transplantation in the rejected group compared with the group with successful transplant was higher from a statistical viewpoint (P<0.04).Uric acid evaluation in both groups showed that the uric acid level difference before transplantation and 48 hours after transplantation was not meaningful It was interesting that in the successful transplant group, the serum uric acid level showed considerable statistical decrease 48 hours after operation (P<0.0001) in comparison with preoperative level.In this study, the result related to BUN showed a pattern like uric acid. Although in the case of BUN there was considerable decrease 48 hours after transplantation in the successful group (P<0.0001).The average amount of serum BUN 48 hours after transplantation in the rejected group was considerably more than the successful transplant group (P<0.001). No meaningful difference was observed in ,the total Count of WBC between two groups. Interestingly, it was observed that the total number of leukocyte was not influenced by rejection while the percentage of neutrophil and the total number of neutrophils in mm3 of blood were influenced by rejection, On the other hand, we know that transplant rejection is an immunological activity and it is expected that the number and percentage of lymphocytes in circulation during transplant rejection to be increased.However surprisingly, in the rejected group, there was a meaningful decrease (P<0.006) in lymphocyte count 48 hours after transplantation. This may be because of the immunologic ally suppressive drugs. About monocytes, the number and percentage were not influenced by graft rejection.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder of the small intestine with a genetic predisposition. The gold standard for CD diagnosis is evaluating small bowel biopsy samples. As biopsy sampling is an invasive procedure, researchers focus on finding an alternative non-invasive test that can detect CD at an earlier stage. We aimed to investigate the LABORATORY finding of patients with CD to introduce new diagnostic biomarkers for this disorder. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study LABORATORY results of 175 patients with celiac were evaluated. Subjects were analyzed through following variables: age, sex, Marsh classification, hemoglobin level, white blood cell count, platelets, eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocytes, ferritin, liver enzymes, fat profile, iron profile, calcium, and phosphorus. SPSS software, version 22, was used for analysis. Results: 69 (39. 4%) patients were men and 106 (60. 6%) were women with a mean age of 34. 4 years. The extraintestinal symptoms were predominant which anemia (28. 6%), microcytic erythrocytes (20%) and hypochromic RBCs (26. 9%) were the most LABORATORY FINDINGS. Hypertransaminasemia, low ferritin, hypocalcemia and leukemia was reported in 23. 4%, 17. 1%, 5. 7% and 4. 7% of patients respectively. According to the pathological classification: 23 (13. 1%) patients were Marsh I, 29 (16. 6%) patients Marsh II, and 118 (67. 4%) patients Marsh III. Conclusion: The lack of food, vitamins and minerals can be evaluated through LABORATORY studies and may open the door to early detection of the disease.